AI Medical Compendium Topic

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Proof of Concept Study

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Deep learning and radiomics-based vascular calcification characterization in dental cone beam computed tomography as a predictive tool for cardiovascular disease: a proof-of-concept study.

Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated an automated deep learning method for detecting calcifications in the extracranial and intracranial carotid arteries and vertebral arteries in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Additionally, a model utilizin...

Photonic platform coupled with machine learning algorithms to detect pyrolysis products of crack cocaine in saliva: A proof-of-concept animal study.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy
The non-invasive detection of crack/cocaine and other bioactive compounds from its pyrolysis in saliva can provide an alternative for drug analysis in forensic toxicology. Therefore, a highly sensitive, fast, reagent-free, and sustainable approach wi...

Concordance-based Predictive Uncertainty (CPU)-Index: Proof-of-concept with application towards improved specificity of lung cancers on low dose screening CT.

Artificial intelligence in medicine
In this paper, we introduce a novel concordance-based predictive uncertainty (CPU)-Index, which integrates insights from subgroup analysis and personalized AI time-to-event models. Through its application in refining lung cancer screening (LCS) predi...

Development of two machine learning models to predict conversion from primary HER2-0 breast cancer to HER2-low metastases: a proof-of-concept study.

ESMO open
BACKGROUND: HER2-low expression has gained clinical relevance in breast cancer (BC) due to the availability of anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates for patients with HER2-low metastatic BC. The well-reported instability of HER2-low status during diseas...

Development and validation of an AI-driven tool to evaluate chewing function: a proof of concept.

Journal of dentistry
BACKGROUND: Masticatory function is an important determinant of oral health and a contributing factor in the maintenance of general health. Currently, objective assessment of chewing function is a clinical challenge. Previously, several methods have ...

Detection of basal cell carcinoma by machine learning-assisted ex vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy.

International journal of dermatology
BACKGROUND: Ex vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (EVCM) is an emerging imaging modality that enables near real-time histology of whole tissue samples. However, the adoption of EVCM into clinical routine is partly limited because the recognition...

Automatic identification of clinically important species by artificial intelligence-based image recognition: proof-of-concept study.

Emerging microbes & infections
While morphological examination is the most widely used for identification in clinical laboratories, PCR-sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS are emerging technologies in more financially-competent laboratories. However, mycological expertise, molecular biol...

Prediction of pink esthetic score using deep learning: A proof of concept.

Journal of dentistry
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop a deep learning (DL) model for the predictive esthetic evaluation of single-implant treatments in the esthetic zone.

Predicting admission for fall-related injuries in older adults using artificial intelligence: A proof-of-concept study.

Geriatrics & gerontology international
AIM: Pre-injury frailty has been investigated as a tool to predict outcomes of older trauma patients. Using artificial intelligence principles of machine learning, we aimed to identify a "signature" (combination of clinical variables) that could pred...

Two-Layer Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Low-Resource Medical Question Answering Using Reddit Data: Proof-of-Concept Study.

Journal of medical Internet research
BACKGROUND: The increasing use of social media to share lived and living experiences of substance use presents a unique opportunity to obtain information on side effects, use patterns, and opinions on novel psychoactive substances. However, due to th...