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Axons

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Schwann Cell and Axon: An Interlaced Unit-From Action Potential to Phenotype Expression.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology
Here we propose a model of a peripheral axon with a great deal of autonomy from its cell body-the autonomous axon-but with a substantial dependence on its ensheathing Schwann cell (SC), the axon-SC unit. We review evidence in several fields and show ...

Automated quantification of three-dimensional organization of fiber-like structures in biological tissues.

Biomaterials
Fiber-like structures are prevalent in biological tissues, yet quantitative approaches to assess their three-dimensional (3D) organization are lacking. We develop 3D directional variance, as a quantitative biomarker of truly 3D fibrillar organization...

AxonDeepSeg: automatic axon and myelin segmentation from microscopy data using convolutional neural networks.

Scientific reports
Segmentation of axon and myelin from microscopy images of the nervous system provides useful quantitative information about the tissue microstructure, such as axon density and myelin thickness. This could be used for instance to document cell morphom...

Assessing functional connectivity across 3D tissue engineered axonal tracts using calcium fluorescence imaging.

Journal of neural engineering
OBJECTIVE: Micro-tissue engineered neural networks (micro-TENNs) are anatomically-inspired constructs designed to structurally and functionally emulate white matter pathways in the brain. These 3D neural networks feature long axonal tracts spanning d...

Propagation delays determine neuronal activity and synaptic connectivity patterns emerging in plastic neuronal networks.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
In plastic neuronal networks, the synaptic strengths are adapted to the neuronal activity. Specifically, spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is a fundamental mechanism that modifies the synaptic strengths based on the relative timing of pre- and...

Morphometric analysis of peripheral myelinated nerve fibers through deep learning.

Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS
Irrespective of initial causes of neurological diseases, these disorders usually exhibit two key pathological changes-axonal loss or demyelination or a mixture of the two. Therefore, vigorous quantification of myelin and axons is essential in studyin...

Deep learning for high-throughput quantification of oligodendrocyte ensheathment at single-cell resolution.

Communications biology
High-throughput quantification of oligodendrocyte myelination is a challenge that, if addressed, would facilitate the development of therapeutics to promote myelin protection and repair. Here, we established a high-throughput method to assess oligode...

Measurement-oriented deep-learning workflow for improved segmentation of myelin and axons in high-resolution images of human cerebral white matter.

Journal of neuroscience methods
BACKGROUND: Standard segmentation of high-contrast electron micrographs (EM) identifies myelin accurately but does not translate easily into measurements of individual axons and their myelin, even in cross-sections of parallel fibers. We describe aut...

State-of-the-art methods in healthcare text classification system: AI paradigm.

Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)
Machine learning has shown its importance in delivering healthcare solutions and revolutionizing the future of filtering huge amountd of textual content. The machine intelligence can adapt semantic relations among text to infer finer contextual infor...