AIMC Topic: Brain

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Cross-modal fusion of brain imaging and clinical data for Parkinson's disease progression prediction.

PloS one
BACKGROUND: Machine learning shows great potential in science but struggles with complex, high-dimensional multi-omics data. PD progression is long, diagnosed mainly by clinical signs. This paper proposes a novel decision fusion method to improve the...

Neuromorphic computing paradigms enhance robustness through spiking neural networks.

Nature communications
The success of deep learning methods over the past decade has been partially shrouded in the shadow of adversarial attacks. Even a tiny undetectable deformation can lead to vicious misleading targeted at safety-critical applications. In contrast, the...

Universal black-box attacks against a third-party Alzheimer's diagnostic system.

Biomedical physics & engineering express
Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly used in medical imaging for disease diagnosis, yet their vulnerability to adversarial attacks poses significant risks for clinical deployment. In this work, we systematically evaluate the suscepti...

Building the connectome of a small brain with a simple stochastic developmental generative model.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
The architectures of biological neural networks result from developmental processes shaped by genetically encoded rules, biophysical constraints, stochasticity, and learning. Understanding these processes is crucial for comprehending neural circuits'...

MRI multi-sequence deep learning integration with clinical profiles for pediatric viral encephalitis diagnosis.

Scientific reports
Pediatric viral encephalitis is an acute central nervous system infection caused by various viruses, with diverse clinical manifestations and challenges in early diagnosis. The traditional diagnostic methods lack sufficient sensitivity and specificit...

Identify MRI negative temporal lobe epilepsy with resting fMRI indicators and machine learning techniques.

Scientific reports
About 30% of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) cases are negative on MRI, so quantitative diagnosis based on clinical symptoms becomes challenging. There is an urgent need for an accurate and reliable method to differentiate patients with MRI-negative TLE...

Toward in-silico data assessment for passive BCIs: generating EEG rhythms with GANs.

Journal of neural engineering
Passive brain-computer interface (BCI) based on electroencephalography (EEG) has gained traction as reliable method for monitoring human vigilance in attention-demanding critical contexts. Unfortunately, the lack of extensive public datasets compromi...

Subtyping schizophrenia via machine learning by using structural neuroimaging.

Translational psychiatry
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder with diverse clinical presentations and neuroanatomical alterations. Despite recent advances, we still lack a working hypothesis for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. One reason might be the heterogeneous...

Diffusion Models for Neuroimaging Data Augmentation: Assessing Realism and Clinical Relevance.

Journal of medical systems
Data scarcity remains a major obstacle to the application of deep learning techniques in medical imaging, particularly for rare neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigates the use of denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) to generat...

Electroencephalography source-space functional connectivity reveals frequency-specific brain network dysfunctions in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
BACKGROUND: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by disruptions in large-scale brain networks. However, the role of high-frequency neural synchrony in these abnormalities remains unclear. Elucidating frequency-specific alterations may...