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Prompting and Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Parkinson Disease Diagnosis: Comparative Evaluation Study Using the PPMI Structured Dataset.

JMIR medical informatics
BACKGROUND: Parkinson disease (PD) presents diagnostic challenges due to its heterogeneous motor and nonmotor manifestations. Traditional machine learning (ML) approaches have been evaluated on structured clinical variables. However, the diagnostic u...

Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection System Based on Unstructured Spontaneous Speech: Longitudinal Dual-Modal Framework.

JMIR medical informatics
BACKGROUND: In recent years, the incidence of cognitive diseases has also risen with the significant increase in population aging. Among these diseases, Alzheimer disease constitutes a substantial proportion, placing a high-cost burden on health care...

Explainable AI for pain perception: subject-independent EEG decoding using DeepSHAP and CNNs.

Biomedical physics & engineering express
Objective.Accurate classification of pain levels is essential for clinical monitoring, particularly in clinical populations with limited verbal communication. This study explores the feasibility of decoding pain from EEG using explainable deep learni...

Machine learning and multi-omics integration identifies immunological predictors and mechanistic insights in autoimmune encephalitis.

Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]
OBJECTIVE: To develop an interpretable prognostic prediction model for autoimmune encephalitis (AE) using immunological indicators and to investigate the potential role of nucleophosmin (NPM1) in disease pathogenesis through multi-omics approaches.

Dynamic Ensemble Selection for Early Detection of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Fracture Patients.

Journal of medical systems
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in fracture patients is often clinically silent, with a high incidence of thrombosis and associated mortality. Static machine learning methods struggle to address the challenge of early DVT diagnosis due to their inability ...

PODiaCarD: a prototype of a digital twin platform for the management of pediatric obesity and related cardiometabolic complications.

European journal of pediatrics
UNLABELLED: Childhood obesity is the main driver of early metabolic risk, predisposing to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), which cause millions of deaths worldwide. Their progression is influenced by biological, behavioral, and...

Low-complexity fetal heart rate monitoring from carbon-based single-channel dry electrodes maternal electrocardiogram.

Physiological measurement
. Fetal and maternal health during pregnancy can be monitored with sensors such as Doppler or scalp fetal ECG. This study focuses on single-channel dry electrode maternal abdominal ECG () to extract fetal heart rate () using a low-complexity algorith...

AI assisted triage of UK patients in mental health care services: a qualitative focus group study of patients' attitudes.

BMC psychiatry
BACKGROUND: The referral process between healthcare services can be complex, especially in psychiatry, leading to significant delays and 'hidden waiting lists'. Digital approaches may be helpful. The CHRONOSIG (CHRONOlogical SIGnature) project aims t...

Deep learning-based segmentation and density estimation of corneal nerves and dendritic cells from In Vivo confocal microscopy images.

Scientific reports
The purpose of this study was to compare manual assessment of corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) and dendritic cell (DC) density with an automated assessment method utilizing deep learning segmentation to perform rule-based density estimation. Corneal...

AI-MK: artificial intelligence for assessing and monitoring microbial keratitis.

BMJ open ophthalmology
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) model for detecting and monitoring microbial keratitis (MK) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).