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Network Occlusion Sensitivity Analysis Identifies Regional Contributions to Brain Age Prediction.

Human brain mapping
Deep learning frameworks utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have frequently been used for brain age prediction and have achieved outstanding performance. Nevertheless, deep learning remains a black box as it is hard to interpret which bra...

Radiomics of PET Using Neural Networks for Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis.

Statistics in medicine
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging technology is widely used for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in people with dementia. Although various computational methods have been proposed for diagnosis of AD using PET images, prediction of diseas...

Comparison of Sarcopenia Assessment in Liver Transplant Recipients by Computed Tomography Freehand Region-of-Interest versus an Automated Deep Learning System.

Clinical transplantation
INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia, or the loss of muscle quality and quantity, has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in liver transplantation such as infection, increased length of stay, and increased patient mortality. Abdominal computed tomography...

Scientific hypothesis generation by large language models: laboratory validation in breast cancer treatment.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
Large language models (LLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence (AI) and achieved breakthrough performance on a wide range of tasks. In science, the most interesting application of LLMs is for hypothesis formation. A feature of LLMs, which resu...

Technical Note: Using Machine Learning to Predict Locomotor Behavior in Great Apes and Humans From Femur Metaphyseal Shape.

American journal of biological anthropology
OBJECTIVES: The morphology of the hominoid distal femoral metaphyseal surface has been demonstrated to reflect locomotor behavior throughout ontogeny. Here, we quantify metaphyseal surface morphology to evaluate its predictive relationship to locomot...

Machine Learning Insights Into Amputation Risk: Evaluating Wound Classification Systems in Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

International wound journal
This study compares the performance of various wound classification systems to determine which system most effectively predicts amputation risk in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients. Additionally, it identifies the key clinical and socioeconomic fact...

Adaptive Breast MRI Scanning Using AI.

Radiology
Background MRI protocols typically involve many imaging sequences and often require too much time. Purpose To simulate artificial intelligence (AI)-directed stratified scanning for screening breast MRI with various triage thresholds and evaluate its ...

Detection of emergency department patients at risk of dementia through artificial intelligence.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to develop and validate the Emergency Department Dementia Algorithm (EDDA) to detect dementia among older adults (65+) and support clinical decision-making in the emergency department (ED).