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FDG-PET Intensity Normalization Improves Radiomics-Based Survival Prediction in Patients with Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Comparison of the Standardized Uptake Value with Alternative Normalization Techniques.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite the widespread research application of radiomics, there is a knowledge gap regarding the optimal voxel intensity normalization strategy for FDG-PET radiomics. We investigated the impact of 3 normalization strategies on...

The impact of AI explanations on clinicians' trust and diagnostic accuracy in breast cancer.

Applied ergonomics
Advances in machine learning have created new opportunities to develop artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support systems using past clinical data and improve diagnosis decisions in life-threatening illnesses such breast cancer. Pro...

Multimodal Language Model for Jaw Osteonecrosis Diagnosis and Treatment.

Journal of dental research
Owing to the complexity of the clinical manifestations in patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), particularly in settings lacking oral and maxillofacial surgery, timely and accurate treatment remains challenging. Here, we developed an integrat...

Identifying New Candidate Predictors of Mortality in Japanese Patients with Severe Drug Eruptions.

Drug safety
UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: SCORe of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SCORTEN) and ABCD-10 have been developed as scoring systems for predicting mortality associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). These...

Contribution of α-synuclein cytopathologies to distinct seeding of misfolded α-synuclein.

Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the deposition of misfolded α-synuclein (αSyn), predominantly in oligodendrocytes in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and in neurons in Lewy body diseases (LBD). The contributi...

Artificial intelligence versus ophthalmology experts: Comparative analysis of responses to blepharitis patient queries.

European journal of ophthalmology
ObjectiveTo assess the accuracy and clinical education value of responses from AI models (GPT-3.5, GPT-4o, Gemini, Gemini Advanced) compared to expert ophthalmologists' answers to common patient questions about blepharitis, and evaluate their potenti...

Machine learning using serial changes in proteinuria during initial steroid therapy to predict treatment response and immunosuppressant use in pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Clinical and experimental nephrology
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies on idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in children have identified no definitive factors predicting steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) or frequent relapsing nephrotic syndrome. Research using machine learn...

Clinical Utility of Pulmonary Function Testing in Assessing Longitudinal Outcomes of Deployed Veterans with Preserved Spirometry.

Annals of the American Thoracic Society
Deployment to the Southwest Asia theater of military operations is associated with new-onset respiratory symptoms, yet commonly used parameters on pulmonary function testing (PFT) are typically reported to be within the normal range for most deploye...

Patterns in Mental Health Symptoms, Substance Use, and Viral Suppression in People with HIV: A Clustering Analysis.

AIDS and behavior
Mental health conditions and substance use are prevalent among people with HIV (PWH), are correlated with one another, and associate with viral non-suppression independently; their joint association with viral non-suppression may be under-studied bec...

Upper Airway Volume Predicts Brain Structure and Cognition in Adolescents.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
One in 10 children experiences sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Untreated SDB is associated with poor cognition, but the underlying mechanisms are less understood. We assessed the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging-derived upper airwa...