AI Medical Compendium Topic

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Diagnosis, Differential

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An endoscopic ultrasound-based interpretable deep learning model and nomogram for distinguishing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from pancreatic cancer.

Scientific reports
To retrospectively develop and validate an interpretable deep learning model and nomogram utilizing endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) images to predict pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). Following confirmation via pathological examination, a retrosp...

Machine learning demonstrates clinical utility in distinguishing retinoblastoma from pseudo retinoblastoma with RetCam images.

Ophthalmic genetics
BACKGROUND: Retinoblastoma is diagnosed and treated without biopsy based solely on appearance (with the indirect ophthalmoscope and imaging). More than 20 benign ophthalmic disorders resemble retinoblastoma and errors in diagnosis continue to be made...

Deep learning-based MVIT-MLKA model for accurate classification of pancreatic lesions: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

La Radiologia medica
BACKGROUND: Accurate differentiation between benign and malignant pancreatic lesions is critical for effective patient management. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel deep learning network using baseline computed tomography (CT) images t...

Can ChatGPT 4.0 Diagnose Acute Aortic Dissection? Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Medical Diagnostics.

The American journal of cardiology
Acute aortic dissection (AD) is a critical condition characterized by high mortality and frequent misdiagnoses, primarily due to symptom overlap with other medical pathologies. This study explores the diagnostic utility of ChatGPT 4.0, an artificial ...

Machine learning-based assessment of morphometric abnormalities distinguishes bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder.

Neuroradiology
INTRODUCTION: Bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have overlapping clinical presentations which may make it difficult for clinicians to distinguish them potentially resulting in misdiagnosis. This study combined structural MRI a...

Development of a clinical prediction model for benign and malignant pulmonary nodules with a CTR ≥ 50% utilizing artificial intelligence-driven radiomics analysis.

BMC medical imaging
OBJECTIVE: In clinical practice, diagnosing the benignity and malignancy of solid-component-predominant pulmonary nodules is challenging, especially when 3D consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR) ≥ 50%, as malignant ones are more invasive. This study aim...

Automated analysis of spoken language differentiates multiple system atrophy from Parkinson's disease.

Journal of neurology
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with synucleinopathies such as multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD) frequently display speech and language abnormalities. We explore the diagnostic potential of automated linguistic analysis o...

Differentiation between multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorders with multilevel fMRI features: A machine learning analysis.

Scientific reports
The conventional statistical approach for analyzing resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data struggles to accurately distinguish between patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and those with neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorders (NMOSD), highlight...

The use of a ChatGPT-4-based chatbot in teledermatology: A retrospective exploratory study.

Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Integration of artificial intelligence in healthcare, particularly ChatGPT, is transforming medical diagnostics and may benefit teledermatology. This exploratory study compared image description and differential diagnosis g...

Development and Validation of a Novel Model to Discriminate Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury and Autoimmune Hepatitis.

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Discriminating between idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is critical yet challenging. We aim to develop and validate a machine learning (ML)-based model to aid in this differentiation.