AIMC Topic: Diagnosis, Differential

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Solitary solid pulmonary nodules: a CT-based deep learning nomogram helps differentiate tuberculosis granulomas from lung adenocarcinomas.

European radiology Jun 27, 2020
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the differential diagnostic performance of a computed tomography (CT)-based deep learning nomogram (DLN) in identifying tuberculous granuloma (TBG) and lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) presenting as solitary solid pulmonary nodules (...
Adult Male Middle Aged Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted Deep Learning ROC Curve Humans Algorithms Retrospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed Female Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Regression Analysis Diagnosis, Differential Granuloma Tuberculosis Diagnostic Tests, Routine Sex Factors Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Observer Variation Lung Neoplasms Pattern Recognition, Automated Logistic Models Calibration Nomograms Adenocarcinoma of Lung Age Factors
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Machine learning-based CT texture analysis to predict HPV status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: comparison of 2D and 3D segmentation.

European radiology Jun 26, 2020
OBJECTIVE: To compare the CT texture feature reproducibility of 2D and 3D segmentations and their machine learning (ML)-based classifications for predicting human papilloma virus (HPV) status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck Head and Neck Neoplasms Regression Analysis Diagnosis, Differential Area Under Curve Observer Variation Reproducibility of Results Male Imaging, Three-Dimensional Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Papillomavirus Infections Alphapapillomavirus Humans Machine Learning Algorithms Retrospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed Female
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Deep learning combined with radiomics may optimize the prediction in differentiating high-grade lung adenocarcinomas in ground glass opacity lesions on CT scans.

European journal of radiology Jun 25, 2020
PURPOSE: Adenocarcinoma (ADC) is the most common histological subtype of lung cancers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in which ground glass opacifications (GGOs) found on computed tomography (CT) scans are the most common lesions. However, the ...
Lung Deep Learning Lung Neoplasms Diagnosis, Differential Predictive Value of Tests Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Tomography, X-Ray Computed Female Reproducibility of Results Male Middle Aged Adenocarcinoma of Lung Humans Prognosis
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Prospective Analysis Using a Novel CNN Algorithm to Distinguish Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia From Ductal Carcinoma in Situ in Breast.

Clinical breast cancer Jun 7, 2020
INTRODUCTION: We previously developed a convolutional neural networks (CNN)-based algorithm to distinguish atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) using a mammographic dataset. The purpose of this study is to further va...
ROC Curve Mammography Diagnosis, Differential Biopsy Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Prospective Studies Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating Female Datasets as Topic Humans Aged Hyperplasia Neural Networks, Computer Adult Mammary Glands, Human Breast Neoplasms Middle Aged
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Implementation of model explainability for a basic brain tumor detection using convolutional neural networks on MRI slices.

Neuroradiology Jun 4, 2020
PURPOSE: While neural networks gain popularity in medical research, attempts to make the decisions of a model explainable are often only made towards the end of the development process once a high predictive accuracy has been achieved.
Diagnosis, Differential Glioblastoma Bayes Theorem Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Datasets as Topic Neurilemmoma Humans Neural Networks, Computer Brain Neoplasms Contrast Media Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Integrative blockwise sparse analysis for tissue characterization and classification.

Artificial intelligence in medicine Jun 1, 2020
The topic of sparse representation of samples in high dimensional spaces has attracted growing interest during the past decade. In this work, we develop sparse representation-based methods for classification of clinical imaging patterns into healthy ...
Mammography Diagnosis, Differential Breast Humans Neural Networks, Computer
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Machine Learning and Multiparametric Brain MRI to Differentiate Hereditary Diffuse Leukodystrophy with Spheroids from Multiple Sclerosis.

Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging May 26, 2020
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorders that can be hard to distinguish clinically and radiologically. HDLS is a rare disorder ...
Leukoencephalopathies Adult Male Middle Aged Magnetic Resonance Imaging Humans Diagnosis, Differential Multiple Sclerosis Machine Learning Brain Female Aged
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Multi-instance Deep Learning of Ultrasound Imaging Data for Pattern Classification of Congenital Abnormalities of the Kidney and Urinary Tract in Children.

Urology May 20, 2020
OBJECTIVE: To reliably and quickly diagnose children with posterior urethral valves (PUV), we developed a multi-instance deep learning method to automate image analysis.
Diagnosis, Differential Feasibility Studies Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Humans Infant Urethra Vesico-Ureteral Reflux Female Case-Control Studies Hydronephrosis Urogenital Abnormalities Deep Learning Infant, Newborn Ultrasonography Reproducibility of Results ROC Curve Male Kidney
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A deep learning system for differential diagnosis of skin diseases.

Nature medicine May 18, 2020
Skin conditions affect 1.9 billion people. Because of a shortage of dermatologists, most cases are seen instead by general practitioners with lower diagnostic accuracy. We present a deep learning system (DLS) to provide a differential diagnosis of sk...
Humans Female Melanoma Skin Neoplasms Carcinoma, Basal Cell Black or African American Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Eczema Adult Acne Vulgaris Male Asian Middle Aged Photography Deep Learning Nurse Practitioners Hispanic or Latino Indians, North American Keratosis, Seborrheic Telemedicine Psoriasis Warts White People Diagnosis, Differential Dermatitis, Seborrheic Physicians, Primary Care Dermatologists Folliculitis Alaska Natives Skin Diseases Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
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Applications of radiomics and machine learning for radiotherapy of malignant brain tumors.

Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] May 11, 2020
BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and amino acid positron-emission tomography (PET) of the brain contain a vast amount of structural and functional information that can be analyzed by machine learning algorithms and radiomics for the use o...
Diagnosis, Differential Neoplasm Proteins Glioblastoma Radiation Oncology Humans Neoplasm Grading Tumor Suppressor Proteins Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Progression-Free Survival Sensitivity and Specificity Neoplasm Recurrence, Local Neuroimaging Computational Biology Positron-Emission Tomography Brain Neoplasms Radiosurgery Glioma Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted Deep Learning Promoter Regions, Genetic Magnetic Resonance Imaging DNA Modification Methylases Isocitrate Dehydrogenase DNA Methylation DNA Repair Enzymes Imaging Genomics
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